{"id":5987,"date":"2026-11-02T23:03:34","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T23:03:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/nginx-rate-limiting\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T23:08:01","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T23:08:01","slug":"nginx-rate-limiting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/es\/nginx-rate-limiting\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo configurar la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes en Nginx sobre Ubuntu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"h-\">La <strong>limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes en Nginx<\/strong> es una funci\u00f3n integrada que controla cu\u00e1ntas solicitudes HTTP puede realizar un cliente durante un periodo determinado. Puede reducir el tr\u00e1fico abusivo dirigido a API, p\u00e1ginas de inicio de sesi\u00f3n y aplicaciones que consumen muchos recursos sin necesidad de instalar software adicional.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En esta gu\u00eda, configurar\u00e1s l\u00edmites de solicitudes en Nginx, los probar\u00e1s de forma segura y activar\u00e1s la protecci\u00f3n en un servidor Ubuntu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-how-does-nginx-rate-limiting-work\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFComo_funciona_la_limitacion_de_la_tasa_de_solicitudes_en_Nginx\"><\/span>\u00bfC\u00f3mo funciona la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes en Nginx?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nginx utiliza el m\u00f3dulo <code>limit_req<\/code> para hacer un seguimiento de las solicitudes entrantes, normalmente seg\u00fan la direcci\u00f3n IP del cliente.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, puedes configurar un l\u00edmite medio de cinco solicitudes por segundo y permitir breves r\u00e1fagas de tr\u00e1fico. Las solicitudes que superen la r\u00e1faga permitida podr\u00e1n rechazarse.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto ayuda a evitar que un exceso de solicitudes sature tu aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nota:<\/strong> La limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes ayuda a mitigar ciertas avalanchas de solicitudes HTTP de capa 7. No puede detener ataques DDoS de gran escala a nivel de red que saturen tu conexi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/how-to-configure-Nginx-Rate-Limiting-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"c\u00f3mo configurar la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes en Nginx\" class=\"wp-image-5963\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/how-to-configure-Nginx-Rate-Limiting-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/how-to-configure-Nginx-Rate-Limiting-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/how-to-configure-Nginx-Rate-Limiting-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/how-to-configure-Nginx-Rate-Limiting-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/how-to-configure-Nginx-Rate-Limiting.webp 1672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-prerequisites\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Requisitos_previos\"><\/span>Requisitos previos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Necesitar\u00e1s un servidor Ubuntu con Nginx instalado, acceso SSH con privilegios sudo y un sitio web o una aplicaci\u00f3n existente.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group zynoo-related-reading has-border-color has-text-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-color:#c7d8ef;border-width:1px;border-radius:8px;border-left-color:#0069ff;border-left-width:3px;color:#24364f;background-color:#eaf2ff;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:28px;padding-top:18px;padding-right:22px;padding-bottom:18px;padding-left:22px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.8\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si vas a configurar Nginx por primera vez, sigue nuestro <a href=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/es\/nginx-reverse-proxy-ubuntu\/\">tutorial sobre el proxy inverso de Nginx<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antes de hacer cambios, crea una copia de seguridad de la configuraci\u00f3n actual de tu sitio web.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-1-define-a-rate-limiting-zone\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paso_1_Define_una_zona_de_limitacion_de_la_tasa_de_solicitudes\"><\/span>Paso 1: Define una zona de limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con\u00e9ctate a tu servidor mediante SSH.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En una instalaci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar de Nginx en Ubuntu, crea un archivo de configuraci\u00f3n nuevo:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/rate-limit.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u00f1ade:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m rate=5r\/s;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta configuraci\u00f3n utiliza la direcci\u00f3n IP del cliente para hacer un seguimiento de las solicitudes, asigna 10 MB a los datos de seguimiento y establece un l\u00edmite medio de cinco solicitudes por segundo y por IP.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La directiva <code>limit_req_zone<\/code> debe situarse dentro del contexto <code>http<\/code> de Nginx. La configuraci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar de Ubuntu incluye all\u00ed los archivos de <code>conf.d<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Guarda el archivo.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-2-enable-rate-limiting-for-your-website\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paso_2_Activa_la_limitacion_de_la_tasa_de_solicitudes_para_tu_sitio_web\"><\/span>Paso 2: Activa la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes para tu sitio web<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abre la configuraci\u00f3n actual de tu sitio web en Nginx:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/app.example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sustituye el nombre del archivo por el de tu configuraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para una aplicaci\u00f3n HTTP que se ejecuta en el puerto 3000, un endpoint de API protegido podr\u00eda tener este aspecto:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>location \/api\/ {\n    limit_req zone=perip burst=10 nodelay;\n    limit_req_status 429;\n    limit_req_dry_run on;\n\n    proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas son las funciones de las directivas m\u00e1s importantes:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>limit_req<\/code>: Aplica el l\u00edmite definido anteriormente.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>burst=10<\/code>: Permite una breve r\u00e1faga de solicitudes por encima del l\u00edmite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>nodelay<\/code>: Procesa de inmediato las solicitudes permitidas durante la r\u00e1faga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>limit_req_status 429<\/code>: Devuelve HTTP 429 cuando se rechazan solicitudes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>limit_req_dry_run on<\/code>: Registra las solicitudes excesivas sin bloquearlas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Importante:<\/strong> A\u00f1ade estas directivas de limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes al bloque <code>location<\/code> existente que corresponda. No crees bloques de ubicaci\u00f3n duplicados ni sustituyas la configuraci\u00f3n actual de tu servidor backend.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los valores mostrados son ejemplos. Elige los l\u00edmites seg\u00fan los patrones habituales de solicitudes de tu aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-3-validate-your-nginx-configuration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paso_3_Valida_la_configuracion_de_Nginx\"><\/span>Paso 3: Valida la configuraci\u00f3n de Nginx<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprueba la configuraci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo nginx -t<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si la prueba se completa correctamente, recarga Nginx:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo systemctl reload nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si aparece un error, corr\u00edgelo antes de recargar.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-4-test-the-rate-limit\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paso_4_Prueba_el_limite_de_solicitudes\"><\/span>Paso 4: Prueba el l\u00edmite de solicitudes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como el modo de simulaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 activado, las solicitudes todav\u00eda no se rechazar\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supervisa el registro de errores de Nginx:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desde otro terminal, env\u00eda una peque\u00f1a r\u00e1faga de solicitudes de prueba a un endpoint que controles:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>for i in $(seq 1 15); do\n  curl -s -o \/dev\/null -w \"%{http_code}\\n\" \\\n  https:&#047;&#047;app.example.com\/api\/health\ndone<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sustituye la URL por la de un endpoint operativo de tu propia aplicaci\u00f3n de prueba o preproducci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si las solicitudes superan el l\u00edmite, Nginx deber\u00eda registrar mensajes que contengan <code>limiting requests, dry run<\/code> en su registro de errores.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu aplicaci\u00f3n deber\u00eda seguir devolviendo sus respuestas habituales porque el bloqueo no est\u00e1 activado.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-5-enable-rate-limiting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paso_5_Activa_la_limitacion_de_la_tasa_de_solicitudes\"><\/span>Paso 5: Activa la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una vez que hayas revisado los resultados y confirmado que los l\u00edmites son adecuados, elimina esta directiva del bloque de ubicaci\u00f3n protegido:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>limit_req_dry_run on;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Valida la configuraci\u00f3n y vuelve a cargar Nginx:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo nginx -t\nsudo systemctl reload nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las solicitudes excesivas ya pueden recibir la respuesta <strong>HTTP 429 Too Many Requests<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Repite una prueba controlada y comprueba los c\u00f3digos de respuesta. Los resultados exactos dependen de los intervalos entre solicitudes y de los l\u00edmites que hayas configurado.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-how-to-undo-the-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Como_deshacer_los_cambios\"><\/span>C\u00f3mo deshacer los cambios<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si los usuarios leg\u00edtimos se ven afectados, restaura:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>limit_req_dry_run on;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Valida la configuraci\u00f3n y recarga Nginx. As\u00ed volver\u00e1s al modo de supervisi\u00f3n sin rechazar solicitudes.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despu\u00e9s podr\u00e1s ajustar los l\u00edmites seg\u00fan el tr\u00e1fico real.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-important-nginx-behind-cloudflare-or-another-cdn\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importante_Nginx_detras_de_Cloudflare_u_otra_CDN\"><\/span>Importante: Nginx detr\u00e1s de Cloudflare u otra CDN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando Nginx est\u00e1 detr\u00e1s de un proxy inverso, la IP del cliente que ve Nginx puede pertenecer al proxy y no al visitante original.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aplicar l\u00edmites por IP sin corregir esto puede agrupar a usuarios que no tienen relaci\u00f3n entre s\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antes de aplicar l\u00edmites por cliente, configura el tratamiento de las IP de cliente de confianza mediante el m\u00f3dulo Real IP de Nginx y los rangos de IP documentados por tu proveedor de proxy.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nunca conf\u00edes en cabeceras IP proporcionadas por cualquier visitante.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-does-nginx-rate-limiting-replace-ddos-protection\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFSustituye_la_limitacion_de_la_tasa_de_solicitudes_en_Nginx_a_la_proteccion_DDoS\"><\/span>\u00bfSustituye la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes en Nginx a la protecci\u00f3n DDoS?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. Nginx puede limitar el exceso de solicitudes HTTP que llegan a tu aplicaci\u00f3n, pero no puede filtrar el tr\u00e1fico que ya ha saturado la conexi\u00f3n de red de tu servidor con el proveedor.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para obtener una protecci\u00f3n m\u00e1s amplia, combina controles a nivel de aplicaci\u00f3n con medidas de mitigaci\u00f3n a nivel del servicio de alojamiento.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group zynoo-related-reading has-border-color has-text-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-color:#c7d8ef;border-width:1px;border-radius:8px;border-left-color:#0069ff;border-left-width:3px;color:#24364f;background-color:#eaf2ff;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:28px;padding-top:18px;padding-right:22px;padding-bottom:18px;padding-left:22px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.8\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nuestra <a href=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/es\/ddos-protection\/\">gu\u00eda de protecci\u00f3n DDoS<\/a> explica c\u00f3mo se complementan las defensas a nivel de red y de aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preguntas_frecuentes\"><\/span>Preguntas frecuentes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793660043387\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u00bfEs gratuita la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes en Nginx?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">S\u00ed. Nginx Open Source incluye el m\u00f3dulo limit_req.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793660061241\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u00bfPuede la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes en Nginx bloquear a visitantes leg\u00edtimos?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">S\u00ed. Una configuraci\u00f3n demasiado estricta puede rechazar solicitudes leg\u00edtimas, especialmente cuando varios usuarios comparten una direcci\u00f3n IP. Haz pruebas en modo de simulaci\u00f3n antes de activar el bloqueo.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793660073589\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u00bfFunciona la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes en Nginx para las API?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">S\u00ed. Resulta especialmente \u00fatil para controlar el exceso de solicitudes a endpoints de API y otras rutas de aplicaciones que consumen muchos recursos.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusi\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nginx incorpora una funci\u00f3n de limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes que puede ayudar a reducir el tr\u00e1fico <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HTTP\">HTTP<\/a> abusivo sin necesidad de instalar software adicional.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Configura el l\u00edmite de solicitudes, pru\u00e9balo en modo de simulaci\u00f3n y activa el bloqueo solo despu\u00e9s de revisar los resultados.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para proteger el servidor de forma integral, combina la limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes con medidas adecuadas de mitigaci\u00f3n DDoS en la infraestructura de red.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La limitaci\u00f3n de la tasa de solicitudes en Nginx es una funci\u00f3n integrada que controla cu\u00e1ntas solicitudes HTTP puede realizar un cliente durante un periodo determinado. Puede reducir el tr\u00e1fico abusivo dirigido a API, p\u00e1ginas de inicio de sesi\u00f3n y aplicaciones que consumen muchos recursos sin necesidad de instalar software adicional. En esta gu\u00eda, configurar\u00e1s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5988,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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