{"id":6170,"date":"2026-11-03T18:00:07","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T18:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/ubuntu-firewall-ufw\/"},"modified":"2026-11-05T19:52:26","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T19:52:26","slug":"ubuntu-firewall-ufw","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/pl\/ubuntu-firewall-ufw\/","title":{"rendered":"Zapora sieciowa Ubuntu: jak skonfigurowa\u0107 UFW na serwerze VPS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skonfigurowanie <strong>zapory sieciowej Ubuntu<\/strong> za pomoc\u0105 UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) pomaga chroni\u0107 serwer VPS: umo\u017cliwia niezb\u0119dne po\u0142\u0105czenia i blokuje zb\u0119dny ruch przychodz\u0105cy. Wystarczy kilka polece\u0144, ale ich kolejno\u015b\u0107 ma znaczenie: zezw\u00f3l na dost\u0119p przez SSH <strong>przed<\/strong> w\u0142\u0105czeniem zapory, inaczej mo\u017cesz utraci\u0107 zdalny dost\u0119p.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W tym poradniku dowiesz si\u0119, jak zainstalowa\u0107 UFW, ustawi\u0107 bezpieczne regu\u0142y domy\u015blne, otworzy\u0107 porty dla strony internetowej, w\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 zapor\u0119 i p\u00f3\u017aniej zarz\u0105dza\u0107 jej regu\u0142ami.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-key-takeaways\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Najwazniejsze_informacje\"><\/span>Najwa\u017cniejsze informacje<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>UFW umo\u017cliwia \u0142atwe zarz\u0105dzanie zapor\u0105 sieciow\u0105 Ubuntu z poziomu wiersza polece\u0144.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Przed w\u0142\u0105czeniem UFW na zdalnym serwerze VPS zezw\u00f3l na dost\u0119p przez faktycznie u\u017cywany port SSH.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Domy\u015blnie blokuj niezam\u00f3wiony ruch przychodz\u0105cy, a nast\u0119pnie otw\u00f3rz tylko porty potrzebne Twoim us\u0142ugom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sprawd\u017a dost\u0119p za pomoc\u0105 drugiego po\u0142\u0105czenia i przegl\u0105daj regu\u0142y przy ka\u017cdym dodaniu lub usuni\u0119ciu aplikacji.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-ufw-on-ubuntu\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Czym_jest_UFW_w_Ubuntu\"><\/span>Czym jest UFW w Ubuntu?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UFW to narz\u0119dzie do konfiguracji zapory sieciowej, kt\u00f3re zarz\u0105dza regu\u0142ami systemu filtrowania pakiet\u00f3w w j\u0105drze Linux. Zamiast pisa\u0107 regu\u0142y niskiego poziomu, mo\u017cesz zezwala\u0107 na po\u0142\u0105czenia lub je blokowa\u0107 za pomoc\u0105 polece\u0144 takich jak <code>ufw allow<\/code> i <code>ufw delete<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na typowym serwerze VPS s\u0142u\u017c\u0105cym do hostowania stron internetowych zezwolisz na dost\u0119p przez SSH do cel\u00f3w administracyjnych oraz otworzysz porty 80 i 443 dla odwiedzaj\u0105cych. Porty baz danych i aplikacji wewn\u0119trznych zasadniczo powinny pozosta\u0107 niedost\u0119pne z publicznego internetu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-before-you-configure-the-ubuntu-firewall\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zanim_skonfigurujesz_zapore_sieciowa_Ubuntu\"><\/span>Zanim skonfigurujesz zapor\u0119 sieciow\u0105 Ubuntu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potrzebujesz serwera VPS z Ubuntu, dost\u0119pu do polecenia <code>sudo<\/code> i dzia\u0142aj\u0105cego po\u0142\u0105czenia SSH. Je\u015bli dopiero zaczynasz zdaln\u0105 administracj\u0119, zapoznaj si\u0119 z poradnikiem ZYNOO dotycz\u0105cym <a href=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/pl\/ssh-commands\/\">polece\u0144 SSH dla pocz\u0105tkuj\u0105cych<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nie zamykaj bie\u017c\u0105cej sesji SSH.<\/strong> Sprawd\u017a, czy dzia\u0142a konsola internetowa lub odzyskiwania udost\u0119pniana przez dostawc\u0119 serwera VPS. Zapory sieciowe na poziomie dostawcy dzia\u0142aj\u0105 niezale\u017cnie od UFW i r\u00f3wnie\u017c mog\u0105 wymaga\u0107 odpowiednich regu\u0142.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poni\u017csze instrukcje zak\u0142adaj\u0105, \u017ce konfiguracja UFW jest nowa lub nieaktywna. Je\u015bli UFW ju\u017c dzia\u0142a, przed zmian\u0105 zasad domy\u015blnych sprawd\u017a jego regu\u0142y i wymagania us\u0142ug.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Ubuntu-VPS-firewall-configuration-using-UFW-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"Konfiguracja zapory sieciowej na serwerze VPS z Ubuntu za pomoc\u0105 UFW\" class=\"wp-image-6152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Ubuntu-VPS-firewall-configuration-using-UFW-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Ubuntu-VPS-firewall-configuration-using-UFW-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Ubuntu-VPS-firewall-configuration-using-UFW-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Ubuntu-VPS-firewall-configuration-using-UFW-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Ubuntu-VPS-firewall-configuration-using-UFW.webp 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-1-check-and-install-ufw\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Krok_1_Sprawdz_i_zainstaluj_UFW\"><\/span>Krok 1: Sprawd\u017a i zainstaluj UFW<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sprawd\u017a, czy UFW jest dost\u0119pne:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>Status: inactive<\/code> oznacza, \u017ce UFW jest zainstalowane, ale nie egzekwuje regu\u0142. Je\u015bli polecenie nie zostanie znalezione, zainstaluj UFW:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt update\nsudo apt install ufw<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nie w\u0142\u0105czaj jeszcze zapory.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-2-allow-ssh-before-enabling-ufw\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Krok_2_Zezwol_na_dostep_przez_SSH_przed_wlaczeniem_UFW\"><\/span>Krok 2: Zezw\u00f3l na dost\u0119p przez SSH przed w\u0142\u0105czeniem UFW<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ustal port TCP, na kt\u00f3rym nas\u0142uchuje SSH:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ss -ltnp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por\u00f3wnaj wynik z portem u\u017cywanym przez Tw\u00f3j klient SSH. Port <strong>22<\/strong> jest powszechnie stosowany, ale w konfiguracjach serwer\u00f3w VPS mo\u017ce by\u0107 u\u017cywany inny port.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli SSH u\u017cywa portu 22, uruchom:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow 22\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli SSH faktycznie u\u017cywa niestandardowego portu, na przyk\u0142ad 2222, zezw\u00f3l na ruch przez ten port <em>zamiast<\/em> portu 22:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow 2222\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Port 2222 to tylko przyk\u0142ad, a nie dodatkowy port, kt\u00f3ry ka\u017cdy powinien otworzy\u0107. Sprawd\u017a regu\u0142y oczekuj\u0105ce na w\u0142\u0105czenie:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw show added<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-3-set-default-rules-and-check-ipv6\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Krok_3_Ustaw_reguly_domyslne_i_sprawdz_obsluge_IPv6\"><\/span>Krok 3: Ustaw regu\u0142y domy\u015blne i sprawd\u017a obs\u0142ug\u0119 IPv6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ustaw domy\u015blne blokowanie po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 przychodz\u0105cych, jednocze\u015bnie zezwalaj\u0105c serwerowi VPS na inicjowanie po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 wychodz\u0105cych:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw default deny incoming\nsudo ufw default allow outgoing<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli Tw\u00f3j serwer VPS ma publiczn\u0105 \u0142\u0105czno\u015b\u0107 IPv6, upewnij si\u0119, \u017ce UFW j\u0105 obs\u0142uguje:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep '^IPV6=' \/etc\/default\/ufw<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oczekiwane ustawienie to <code>IPV6=yes<\/code>. Je\u015bli u\u017cywasz IPv6, ale ustawiona jest warto\u015b\u0107 <code>no<\/code>, edytuj plik <code>\/etc\/default\/ufw<\/code>, aby w\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 obs\u0142ug\u0119 IPv6 <strong>przed<\/strong> uruchomieniem zapory.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-4-open-the-ports-your-website-needs\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Krok_4_Otworz_porty_potrzebne_Twojej_stronie_internetowej\"><\/span>Krok 4: Otw\u00f3rz porty potrzebne Twojej stronie internetowej<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli serwer VPS hostuje publicznie dost\u0119pn\u0105 stron\u0119 internetow\u0105, zezw\u00f3l na ruch <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HTTP\">HTTP<\/a> i HTTPS przed w\u0142\u0105czeniem UFW:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow 80\/tcp\nsudo ufw allow 443\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typowe porty serwera VPS z Ubuntu to:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Us\u0142uga<\/th><th>Port<\/th><th>Protok\u00f3\u0142<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>SSH<\/td><td>22 (lub Tw\u00f3j niestandardowy port)<\/td><td>TCP<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HTTP<\/td><td>80<\/td><td>TCP<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HTTPS<\/td><td>443<\/td><td>TCP<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli publiczna aplikacja korzysta z innego portu TCP, sk\u0142adnia polecenia zezwalaj\u0105cego na ruch przez port w UFW wygl\u0105da tak:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow 8080\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uruchom to przyk\u0142adowe polecenie tylko wtedy, gdy Twoja us\u0142uga wymaga dost\u0119pu z zewn\u0105trz przez port 8080. W przypadku us\u0142ugi UDP podaj zamiast tego <code>\/udp<\/code>, na przyk\u0142ad <code>sudo ufw allow 51820\/udp<\/code> dla punktu ko\u0144cowego WireGuard skonfigurowanego na tym porcie.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mo\u017cesz te\u017c sprawdzi\u0107 dost\u0119pne profile aplikacji:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw app list<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli na li\u015bcie znajduje si\u0119 <code>Nginx Full<\/code>, sprawd\u017a jego porty poleceniem <code>sudo ufw app info 'Nginx Full'<\/code>. Polecenie <code>sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'<\/code> mo\u017ce zast\u0105pi\u0107 dwie powy\u017csze regu\u0142y dotycz\u0105ce port\u00f3w strony internetowej \u2014 nie musisz stosowa\u0107 obu rozwi\u0105za\u0144. Aplikacje dzia\u0142aj\u0105ce za <a href=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/pl\/nginx-reverse-proxy-ubuntu\/\">lokalnym serwerem proxy odwrotnym Nginx<\/a> zasadniczo nie powinny udost\u0119pnia\u0107 publicznie portu swojego serwera zaplecza.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-5-enable-ufw-and-verify-the-firewall\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Krok_5_Wlacz_UFW_i_sprawdz_zapore\"><\/span>Krok 5: W\u0142\u0105cz UFW i sprawd\u017a zapor\u0119<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gdy zezwolisz na dost\u0119p przez SSH oraz otworzysz wszystkie wymagane porty us\u0142ug, w\u0142\u0105cz UFW:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mo\u017ce pojawi\u0107 si\u0119 ostrze\u017cenie, \u017ce ta operacja mo\u017ce wp\u0142yn\u0105\u0107 na SSH. Kontynuuj dopiero po potwierdzeniu poprawno\u015bci regu\u0142y SSH i dost\u0119pno\u015bci konsoli odzyskiwania. Sprawd\u017a aktywne regu\u0142y:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw status verbose<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Powinien pojawi\u0107 si\u0119 <code>Status: active<\/code>, zasady domy\u015blne i otwarte porty. UFW b\u0119dzie te\u017c automatycznie uruchamia\u0107 si\u0119 podczas startu systemu.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Przed zamkni\u0119ciem pierwotnej sesji SSH nawi\u0105\u017c nowe po\u0142\u0105czenie w drugim terminalu.<\/strong> Na swoim komputerze u\u017cyj polecenia <code>ssh -p 22 username@server-ip<\/code>, zast\u0119puj\u0105c nazw\u0119 u\u017cytkownika, adres i port odpowiednimi warto\u015bciami. Je\u015bli otwarto porty 80 i 443, sprawd\u017a r\u00f3wnie\u017c dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 strony internetowej z zewn\u0105trz. Sama regu\u0142a <code>ALLOW<\/code> nie dowodzi, \u017ce us\u0142uga jest dost\u0119pna.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-6-manage-restrict-and-delete-ufw-rules\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Krok_6_Zarzadzaj_regulami_UFW_ograniczaj_je_i_usuwaj\"><\/span>Krok 6: Zarz\u0105dzaj regu\u0142ami UFW, ograniczaj je i usuwaj<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aby wy\u015bwietli\u0107 ponumerowan\u0105 list\u0119 regu\u0142 zapory:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw status numbered<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aby usun\u0105\u0107 nieaktualn\u0105 regu\u0142\u0119 zezwalaj\u0105c\u0105 na ruch, na przyk\u0142ad przez port TCP 8080:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw delete allow 8080\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mo\u017cesz te\u017c usun\u0105\u0107 regu\u0142\u0119 wed\u0142ug numeru (<code>sudo ufw delete 3<\/code>), ale najpierw sprawd\u017a aktualn\u0105 list\u0119: numeracja mo\u017ce si\u0119 zmieni\u0107, a usuni\u0119cie wed\u0142ug numeru mo\u017ce usun\u0105\u0107 tylko jedn\u0105 regu\u0142\u0119 z odpowiadaj\u0105cej sobie pary IPv4\/IPv6.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-optional-restrict-ssh-to-your-ip\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opcjonalnie_ogranicz_dostep_przez_SSH_do_swojego_adresu_IP\"><\/span>Opcjonalnie: ogranicz dost\u0119p przez SSH do swojego adresu IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli Tw\u00f3j administracyjny adres IP jest sta\u0142y, mo\u017cesz ograniczy\u0107 dost\u0119p przez SSH do tego adresu. Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow from 203.0.113.10 to any port 22 proto tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zast\u0105p przyk\u0142adowy adres IP swoim rzeczywistym publicznym adresem IP. Przetestuj nowe logowanie z tego adresu, a nast\u0119pnie usu\u0144 star\u0105 regu\u0142\u0119 zezwalaj\u0105c\u0105 na dost\u0119p z dowolnego adresu za pomoc\u0105 <code>sudo ufw delete allow 22\/tcp<\/code>. <strong>Pozostawienie tej regu\u0142y nadal umo\u017cliwia\u0142oby dost\u0119p wszystkim.<\/strong> Przez ca\u0142y czas zachowaj pierwotn\u0105 sesj\u0119 i dost\u0119p do konsoli odzyskiwania.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-optional-rate-limit-ssh-attempts\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opcjonalnie_ogranicz_czestotliwosc_prob_polaczenia_SSH\"><\/span>Opcjonalnie: ogranicz cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 pr\u00f3b po\u0142\u0105czenia SSH<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli potrzebujesz dost\u0119pu przez SSH ze zmieniaj\u0105cych si\u0119 adres\u00f3w IP, mo\u017cesz zamiast tego zast\u0105pi\u0107 og\u00f3ln\u0105 regu\u0142\u0119 zezwalaj\u0105c\u0105 ograniczeniem cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw limit 22\/tcp\nsudo ufw delete allow 22\/tcp\nsudo ufw status numbered<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zr\u00f3b to dopiero po potwierdzeniu, \u017ce po\u0142\u0105czenie SSH dzia\u0142a i masz dost\u0119p do konsoli odzyskiwania. Je\u015bli SSH u\u017cywa innego portu, podaj go zamiast 22. Nast\u0119pnie przetestuj kolejne logowanie. Jest to <strong>alternatywa<\/strong> dla ograniczenia dost\u0119pu do okre\u015blonego adresu IP, a nie rozwi\u0105zanie, kt\u00f3re nale\u017cy z nim \u0142\u0105czy\u0107. Ograniczanie cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci nie zast\u0119puje uwierzytelniania za pomoc\u0105 kluczy SSH.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-step-7-check-logs-and-troubleshoot-access\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Krok_7_Sprawdz_dzienniki_i_rozwiaz_problemy_z_dostepem\"><\/span>Krok 7: Sprawd\u017a dzienniki i rozwi\u0105\u017c problemy z dost\u0119pem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W\u0142\u0105cz podstawowe rejestrowanie, gdy potrzebujesz zbada\u0107 blokowany ruch:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw logging on\nsudo ufw status verbose<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W zale\u017cno\u015bci od konfiguracji rejestrowania dzienniki UFW mog\u0105 by\u0107 dost\u0119pne w dzienniku systemowym lub w pliku <code>\/var\/log\/ufw.log<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli dost\u0119p przez SSH przestanie dzia\u0142a\u0107, u\u017cyj <strong>konsoli odzyskiwania<\/strong> dostawcy, aby sprawdzi\u0107 aktywne regu\u0142y. W sytuacji awaryjnej mo\u017cesz tymczasowo wy\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 egzekwowanie regu\u0142 poleceniem <code>sudo ufw disable<\/code>. Nast\u0119pnie popraw regu\u0142\u0119 SSH i ponownie w\u0142\u0105cz UFW.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli strona internetowa si\u0119 nie \u0142aduje, sprawd\u017a us\u0142ugi nas\u0142uchuj\u0105ce poleceniem <code>sudo ss -ltnp<\/code>, regu\u0142y UFW oraz zapor\u0119 dostawcy. Otwarcie portu nie uruchamia us\u0142ugi, kt\u00f3ra z niego korzysta.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Czesto_zadawane_pytania\"><\/span>Cz\u0119sto zadawane pytania<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793901025290\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Czy zapora sieciowa Ubuntu uruchamia si\u0119 automatycznie po ponownym uruchomieniu systemu?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Tak. Po uruchomieniu sudo ufw enable UFW b\u0119dzie w\u0142\u0105czane przy kolejnych uruchomieniach systemu. Sprawd\u017a jego konfiguracj\u0119 poleceniem sudo ufw status verbose.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793901239112\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Czy po zmianie regu\u0142 UFW trzeba ponownie uruchomi\u0107 Ubuntu?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Nie. Regu\u0142y dodane lub usuni\u0119te za pomoc\u0105 UFW zaczynaj\u0105 obowi\u0105zywa\u0107 bez ponownego uruchamiania serwera VPS. Mo\u017cesz od razu sprawdzi\u0107 bie\u017c\u0105c\u0105 konfiguracj\u0119.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793901250570\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Czy zapora UFW chroni kontenery Docker?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Niekoniecznie. Porty opublikowane przez Docker mog\u0105 omija\u0107 zwyk\u0142e regu\u0142y UFW dotycz\u0105ce ruchu przychodz\u0105cego, poniewa\u017c Docker konfiguruje w\u0142asne regu\u0142y sieciowe. Zanim zaczniesz polega\u0107 na UFW w ograniczaniu dost\u0119pu do kontener\u00f3w, zapoznaj si\u0119 z dokumentacj\u0105 Docker dotycz\u0105c\u0105 zap\u00f3r sieciowych.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Podsumowanie\"><\/span>Podsumowanie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bezpieczn\u0105 konfiguracj\u0119 <strong>zapory sieciowej Ubuntu<\/strong> za pomoc\u0105 UFW zacznij od zezwolenia na dost\u0119p przez SSH, ustawienia domy\u015blnego blokowania ruchu przychodz\u0105cego i otwarcia tylko port\u00f3w potrzebnych Twoim aplikacjom. Po w\u0142\u0105czeniu UFW sprawd\u017a dost\u0119p za pomoc\u0105 osobnego po\u0142\u0105czenia i usuwaj nieaktualne regu\u0142y w miar\u0119 zmian na serwerze VPS.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UFW kontroluje dost\u0119p sieciowy, ale nie chroni przed nadu\u017cyciami na poziomie aplikacji. W przypadku publicznie dost\u0119pnych stron internetowych obs\u0142ugiwanych przez Nginx przydatnym dodatkowym zabezpieczeniem jest <a href=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/pl\/nginx-rate-limiting\/\">ograniczanie cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci \u017c\u0105da\u0144<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Skonfigurowanie zapory sieciowej Ubuntu za pomoc\u0105 UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) pomaga chroni\u0107 serwer VPS: umo\u017cliwia niezb\u0119dne po\u0142\u0105czenia i blokuje zb\u0119dny ruch przychodz\u0105cy. Wystarczy kilka polece\u0144, ale ich kolejno\u015b\u0107 ma znaczenie: zezw\u00f3l na dost\u0119p przez SSH przed w\u0142\u0105czeniem zapory, inaczej mo\u017cesz utraci\u0107 zdalny dost\u0119p. W tym poradniku dowiesz si\u0119, jak zainstalowa\u0107 UFW, ustawi\u0107 bezpieczne regu\u0142y domy\u015blne, otworzy\u0107 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6171,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[504],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poradniki-linux"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Zapora sieciowa Ubuntu: jak skonfigurowa\u0107 UFW na serwerze VPS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dowiedz si\u0119, jak skonfigurowa\u0107 zapor\u0119 sieciow\u0105 Ubuntu za pomoc\u0105 UFW. 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Po uruchomieniu sudo ufw enable UFW b\u0119dzie w\u0142\u0105czane przy kolejnych uruchomieniach systemu. Sprawd\u017a jego konfiguracj\u0119 poleceniem sudo ufw status verbose.\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zynoo.com\\\/blog\\\/pl\\\/ubuntu-firewall-ufw\\\/#faq-question-1793901239112\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zynoo.com\\\/blog\\\/pl\\\/ubuntu-firewall-ufw\\\/#faq-question-1793901239112\",\"name\":\"Czy po zmianie regu\u0142 UFW trzeba ponownie uruchomi\u0107 Ubuntu?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Nie. Regu\u0142y dodane lub usuni\u0119te za pomoc\u0105 UFW zaczynaj\u0105 obowi\u0105zywa\u0107 bez ponownego uruchamiania serwera VPS. 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Po uruchomieniu sudo ufw enable UFW b\u0119dzie w\u0142\u0105czane przy kolejnych uruchomieniach systemu. Sprawd\u017a jego konfiguracj\u0119 poleceniem sudo ufw status verbose.","inLanguage":"pl-PL"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/pl\/ubuntu-firewall-ufw\/#faq-question-1793901239112","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/pl\/ubuntu-firewall-ufw\/#faq-question-1793901239112","name":"Czy po zmianie regu\u0142 UFW trzeba ponownie uruchomi\u0107 Ubuntu?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Nie. Regu\u0142y dodane lub usuni\u0119te za pomoc\u0105 UFW zaczynaj\u0105 obowi\u0105zywa\u0107 bez ponownego uruchamiania serwera VPS. Mo\u017cesz od razu sprawdzi\u0107 bie\u017c\u0105c\u0105 konfiguracj\u0119.","inLanguage":"pl-PL"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/pl\/ubuntu-firewall-ufw\/#faq-question-1793901250570","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/pl\/ubuntu-firewall-ufw\/#faq-question-1793901250570","name":"Czy zapora UFW chroni kontenery Docker?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Niekoniecznie. Porty opublikowane przez Docker mog\u0105 omija\u0107 zwyk\u0142e regu\u0142y UFW dotycz\u0105ce ruchu przychodz\u0105cego, poniewa\u017c Docker konfiguruje w\u0142asne regu\u0142y sieciowe. 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