{"id":4750,"date":"2026-05-20T11:14:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T11:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/linux-commands-for-server-management\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T15:42:05","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:42:05","slug":"linux-commands-for-server-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/ru\/linux-commands-for-server-management\/","title":{"rendered":"25 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 <strong>\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/strong> \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0412\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 VPS, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 25 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f Ubuntu, Debian \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 Linux.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/linux-commands-for-administration-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x44B; Linux &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x430;&#x434;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;\" class=\"wp-image-4730\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/linux-commands-for-administration-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/linux-commands-for-administration-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/linux-commands-for-administration-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/linux-commands-for-administration-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/linux-commands-for-administration.webp 1672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group zynoo-related-reading has-border-color has-text-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-color:#c7d8ef;border-width:1px;border-radius:8px;border-left-color:#0069ff;border-left-width:3px;color:#24364f;background-color:#eaf2ff;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:28px;padding-top:18px;padding-right:22px;padding-bottom:18px;padding-left:22px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.8\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0412\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c?<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/ru\/ssh-commands\/\">\u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b SSH \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u00bb<\/a>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c Linux.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-1-check-cpu-memory-and-processes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>1. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-1-top-monitor-server-activity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_top_%E2%80%94_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0\"><\/span>1. top \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>top<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code>q<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-2-free-check-available-memory\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_free_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8\"><\/span>2. free \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>free -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0451\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0451\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-3-uptime-check-system-load\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_uptime_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83\"><\/span>3. uptime \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>uptime<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430 1, 5 \u0438 15 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-4-ps-find-running-processes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_ps_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>4. ps \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ps aux<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 (PID) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-5-kill-stop-a-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_kill_%E2%80%94_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0\"><\/span>5. kill \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>kill 1234<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0441 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c <code>1234<\/code>. \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c PID. \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441: \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044e.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-2-check-disk-space-and-files\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8\"><\/span>2. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-6-df-check-filesystem-space\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_df_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85\"><\/span>6. df \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-7-du-find-large-directories\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_du_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>7. du \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>du -sh \/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 <code>\/var\/log<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-8-find-locate-files\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_find_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>8. find \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/var\/log -name \"*.log\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0449\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <code>.log<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-9-cp-copy-files\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_cp_%E2%80%94_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>9. cp \u2014 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cp config.conf config.conf.bak<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-10-mv-move-or-rename-files\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_mv_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>10. mv \u2014 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mv old.conf new.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b. \u0411\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-11-rm-remove-files\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_rm_%E2%80%94_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>11. rm \u2014 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rm -i old-backup.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0412\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 Linux \u043e\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-3-manage-linux-services-and-logs\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_Linux_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>3. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 Linux \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 Linux \u0441 systemd \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-12-systemctl-check-service-status\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_systemctl_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D1%8B\"><\/span>12. systemctl \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo systemctl status nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 Nginx, \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code>nginx<\/code> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-13-journalctl-read-service-logs\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_journalctl_%E2%80%94_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D1%8B\"><\/span>13. journalctl \u2014 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo journalctl -u nginx -n 50<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 50 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 Nginx.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group zynoo-related-reading has-border-color has-text-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-color:#c7d8ef;border-width:1px;border-radius:8px;border-left-color:#0069ff;border-left-width:3px;color:#24364f;background-color:#eaf2ff;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:28px;padding-top:18px;padding-right:22px;padding-bottom:18px;padding-left:22px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.8\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/ru\/502-bad-gateway-nginx\/\">\u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a 502 Bad Gateway \u0432 Nginx<\/a> \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/ru\/504-gateway-timeout\/\">\u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a 504 Gateway Timeout<\/a>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-14-tail-follow-log-files\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_tail_%E2%80%94_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>14. tail \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code>Ctrl+C<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-15-grep-search-for-errors\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_grep_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA\"><\/span>15. grep \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep -i \"error\" application.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0449\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u00aberror\u00bb, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-16-less-read-long-files\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"16_less_%E2%80%94_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>16. less \u2014 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>less application.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code>\/<\/code>, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u2014 <code>q<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-4-check-network-connectivity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>4. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 DNS.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-17-ip-view-network-addresses\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"17_ip_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>17. ip \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ip addr show<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-18-ping-test-connectivity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"18_ping_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8\"><\/span>18. ping \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ping -c 4 1.1.1.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u044d\u0445\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 ICMP. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/think\/topics\/networking\">\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/a> \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 ping \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0437\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-19-ss-check-listening-ports\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19_ss_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>19. ss \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ss -tuln<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b TCP \u0438 UDP \u0441 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-20-curl-check-http-responses\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"20_curl_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_HTTP-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2\"><\/span>20. curl \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 HTTP-\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>curl -I https:\/\/example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code>example.com<\/code> \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-5-manage-permissions-and-users\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8\"><\/span>5. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-21-chmod-change-file-permissions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_chmod_%E2%80%94_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%83\"><\/span>21. chmod \u2014 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 config.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-22-chown-change-file-ownership\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_chown_%E2%80%94_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0\"><\/span>22. chown \u2014 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chown admin:admin config.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code>admin<\/code> \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439. \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-23-id-check-user-identity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_id_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F\"><\/span>23. id \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>id<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0412\u0430\u0448 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0412\u044b \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-6-check-updates-and-server-information\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5\"><\/span>6. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-24-apt-review-available-updates\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"24_apt_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9\"><\/span>24. apt \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 Ubuntu \u0438\u043b\u0438 Debian:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt update\napt list --upgradable<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-25-uname-check-kernel-information\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"25_uname_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5\"><\/span>25. uname \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>uname -r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-linux-server-commands-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_Linux_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA\"><\/span>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th><th>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td><td><code>top<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438<\/td><td><code>free -h<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435<\/td><td><code>df -h<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430<\/td><td><code>du -sh \/path<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b<\/td><td><code>systemctl status service<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b<\/td><td><code>journalctl -u service<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td><td><code>ss -tuln<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 HTTP-\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/td><td><code>curl -I URL<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430<\/td><td><code>uname -r<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-tips-for-running-linux-commands-safely\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_Linux\"><\/span>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code>sudo<\/code> \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0412\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c VPS, \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B\"><\/span>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793445656362\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b Linux \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">top, free, df, systemctl, journalctl, ss \u0438 curl \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793445678883\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 Linux?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, apt \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 Debian, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f systemctl \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f systemd.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793445691615\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f root?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u041d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f sudo.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1793445704932\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 VPS?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0414\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 VPS \u0441 Linux \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 <a href=\"https:\/\/zynoo.com\/blog\/linux-vs-windows\/\">Linux<\/a> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0412\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u2014 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0412\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 VPS, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 25 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\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f sudo.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zynoo.com\\\/blog\\\/ru\\\/linux-commands-for-server-management\\\/#faq-question-1793445704932\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zynoo.com\\\/blog\\\/ru\\\/linux-commands-for-server-management\\\/#faq-question-1793445704932\",\"name\":\"\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 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Linux?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, apt \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 Debian, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f systemctl \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 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VPS?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"\u0414\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 VPS \u0441 Linux \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 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